Risk Assessment of Traffic Accidents Involving Young Adult Drivers by Identification of Subjective and Objective Factors
Abstract
Young drivers represent the most vulnerable age group at risk of participating in traffic accidents. In order to reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents involving young drivers, various models for assessing the risk of accidents have been studied. Inexperience, lack of driving skills and risky behaviour in traffic are the main characteristics of traffic accidents involving young adult drivers. On the contrary, traffic accidents involving older adult drivers are characterised by reduced visual and cognitive stimuli and reduced mobility. Based on the data about traffic accidents from the available databases relevant for road traffic safety in the Republic of Kosovo over a four-year period, the road characteristics that caused the majority of traffic accidents involving young adult drivers and the subjective and objective factors that affected the occurrence of traffic accidents the most have been defined. To conclude the research, a correlation has been defined between objective and subjective factors that increase the risk of traffic accidents, as well as the frequency of single safety factors (human, vehicle, road and environment) in traffic accidents involving young adult drivers.
References
Hatakka M, et al. BASIC – Driver training: New models. University of Turku, Finland. Final Report, 2003.
Quimby AR. Comparing UK and European drivers on speed and speeding issues: Some results from SAR-TRE 3 survey. Behavioural Research in Road Safety: Fifteenth Seminar. London: Department for Transport; 2005. p. 49-67.
Čubranić-Dobrodolac M, Lipovac K, Čičević S, Antić B. A model for traffic accidents prediction based on driver personality traits assessment. Promet – Traffic&Transportation. 2017;29(6):631-642. DOI: 10.7307/ptt.v29i6.2495.
McCartt AT, Shabanova VI, Leaf WA. Driving experience, crashes and traffic citations of teenage beginning drivers. Accid. Anal. Prev. 2003;35(3):311-320. DOI: 10.1016/S0001-4575(02)00006-4.
Gonzales MM, Dickinson LM, DiGuiseppi LM, Lowenstein SR. Student drivers: A study of fatal motor vehicle crashes involving 16-year-old drivers. Ann. Emerg. Med. 2005;45(2):140-146. DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.08.039.
Lam LT. Factors associated with young drivers' car crash injury: Comparisons among learner, provisional, and full licensees. Accid. Anal. Prev. 2003;35(6):913-920. DOI: 10.1016/S0001-4575(02)00099-4.
Bingham CR, Shope JT, Zhu J. Substance-involved driving: Predicting driving after using alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs. Traffic Inj. Prev. 2008;9(6):515-526. DOI: 10.1080/15389580802273698.
Curry AE, et al. Peer passengers: how do they affect teen crashes? J. Adolesc. Health. 2012;50(6):588-594. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.10.016.
Ball K, Edwards JD, Ross LA, McGwin G. Cognitive training decreases motor vehicle collision involvement of older drivers. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2010;58(11):2107-2113. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03138.x.
Ball KK, et al. Can high‐risk older drivers be identified through performance‐based measures in a department of motor vehicles setting? J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2006;54(1):77-84. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00568.x.
Meuleners LB, et al. Psychoactive medications and crash involvement requiring hospitalization for older drivers: A population‐based study. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2011;59(9):1575-1580. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03561.x.
Božović M, et al. Traffic safety impact factors related to changing the vehicles among drivers in closed systems. Promet-Traffic & Transportation. 2022;34(3):421-430. DOI: 10.7307/ptt.v34i3.4062.
Freire MR, Gauld C, McKerral A, Pammer K. Identifying interactive factors that may increase crash risk between young drivers and trucks: A narrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(12): 6506. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126506.
Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, and Communications. Quarterly counts of fatal crashes involving heavy vehicles, Australia, with trends. 2021. https://www.bitre.gov.au/publications/ongoing/fatal_heavy_vehicle_crashes_quarterly.
Tarko AP, Anastasopoulos PC, Zuriaga AMP. Can education and enforcement affect behavior of car and truck drivers on urban freeways. Proceedings of the International Conference on Road Safety and Simulation, 14-16 Sep. 2011, Indianapolis, IN, USA. 2011.
Xu J, Wali B, Li X, Yang J. Injury severity and contributing driver actions in passenger vehicle-truck collisions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019;16(19): 3542. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193542.
Council FM, et al. Examination of fault, unsafe driving acts, and total harm in car-truck collisions. Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board. 2003;1830(1):63-71. DOI: 10.3141/1830-09.
Stuster J. The unsafe driving acts of motorists in the vicinity of large trucks. Santa Barbara, CA, USA: Anacapa Sciences; 1999.
Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development. Young adult road safety — A Statistical picture. 2013. https://bitre.gov.au/publications/2013/is_051.aspx.
Prato CG, Toledo T, Lotan T, Taubman-Ben-Ari O. Modeling the behavior of novice young drivers during the first year after licensure. Accid. Anal. Prev. 2010;42(2):480-486. DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.09.011.
Klauer SG, et al. Distracted driving and risk of road crashes among novice and experienced drivers. N. Eng. J. Med. 2014;370(1):54-59. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsa1204142.
McEvoy SP, et al. Role of mobile phones in motor vehicle crashes resulting in hospital attendance: A case-crossover study. Br. Med. J. 2005;331(7514): 428. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.38537.397512.55.
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). Fatality facts 2010: Teenagers. http://www.iihs.org/iihs/topics/t/teenagers/topicoverview [Accessed 19th Sep. 2013].
Klauer SG, et al. Distracted driving and risk of road crashes among novice and experienced drivers. New England Journal of Medicine. 2014;370(1):54-9. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsa1204142.
Simons-Morton BG, et al. The effect of passengers and risk-taking friends on risky driving and crashes/near crashes among novice drivers. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2011;49(6):587-593. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.02.009.
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Alcohol-impaired driving. Traffic safety facts: 2010 Data. NHTSA Publication No. DOT HS 811 606. 2012. http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811606.pdf (PDF - 792K) [Accessed 2nd May 2016.].
Klauer SG, et al. Novice drivers' exposure to known risk factors during the first 18 months of licensure: The effect of vehicle ownership. Traffic Injury Prevention. 2011;12(2):159-168. DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2010.549531.
Babanoski K, et al. Analysis of road traffic safety through direct relative indicators for traffic accidents fatality: Case of Republic of Macedonia. Promet – Traffic&Transportation. 2016;28(6):661-669. DOI: 10.7307/ptt.v28i6.2137.
Simons-Morton BG, et al. The effect of teenage passengers on simulated risky driving among teenagers: A randomized trial. Frontiers in Psychology. 2019;10:923. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00923.
How vehicle age and model year relate to driver injury severity in fatal crashes. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2013.
Andrey J, Hambly D, Mills B, Afrin S. Insights into driver adaptation to inclement weather in Canada. Journal of Transport Geography. 2013;28:192-203. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.08.014.
Chen HY, et al. Risk and type of crash among young drivers by rurality of residence: Findings from the DRIVE study. Accid Anal Prev. 2009;41(4):676-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.03.005.
CDC. Teen drivers: Get the facts. https://www.cdc.gov/motorvehiclesafety/teen_drivers/teendrivers_factsheet.html [Accessed 16th Nov. 2020].
World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention, Chapter 3 – Risk factors. World Health Organization; 2018.
European Commission. Novice drivers. https://road-safety.transport.ec.europa.eu/eu-road-safety-policy/priorities/safe-road-use/novice-drivers_en [Accessed 2nd June 2020].
Romano E, Torres-Saavedra P, Voas RB, Lacey JH. Drugs and alcohol: Their relative crash risk. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2014;75(1):56-64. DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2014.75.56.
Li G, Brady JE, Chen Q. Drug use and fatal motor vehicle crashes: A case-control study. Accid Anal Prev. 2013;60:205-210. DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.09.001.
Simonsen K, Linnet K, Rasmussen BS. Driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs in the eastern part of Denmark in 2015 and 2016: Abuse patterns and trends. Traffic Injury Prevention. 2018;19(5):468-475. DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1428743.
Al-Abdallat IM, et al. The prevalence of alcohol and psychotropic drugs in fatalities of road-traffic accidents in Jordan during 2008–2014. J Forensic Leg Med. 2016;39:130-134. DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.01.018.
Martin JL, et al. Cannabis, alcohol and fatal road accidents. PLoS One. 2017;12(11):e0187320. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187320.
Copyright (c) 2023 Grgo Luburić, Antonia Perković Blašković, Habib Hasani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
