Evaluating Satisfaction in Shared Lanes as Part of Sustainable Transport Infrastructure by Using VR Technology – Evidence from Urban China
Abstract
The concept of sharing transport infrastructure has become increasingly prominent in the sustainable society due to limited resources in urban cities. Shared lanes where cars, electric motorcycles, and bicycles are permitted have been promoted in urban China to overcome the shortage of road space available to meet the increasing traffic demand. Based on VR video and questionnaire survey, this study has identified that the levels of satisfaction of drivers, e-motorcyclists, and cyclists are associated with the factors of traffic condition and lane characteristics among various shared lanes. Based on the analysis of data by a multinomial ordered logistic regression model, the major findings of this study are summarised as follows: (1) Satisfaction was mainly affected by lane width, lane number, lane type, and presence of parking space in the driver group. (2) Lane width, lane number, lane type, presence of parking space, speed, and lateral separation were the main factors in the e-motorcyclist group. (3) For the group of cyclists, lane width, lane number, presence of slope, presence of parking space, speed, and lateral separation were identified as the main factors. Our study will help local government officials to design more effective sustainable transport infrastructures.
References
Davydova T, Zhutaeva E, Dubrovskaya T. Prediction of the demographic situation in urban districts as a factor of sustainable social and economic development of the transport infrastructure. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science. 2017;90: 012168. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/90/1/012168
Hardinghaus M, Papantoniou P. Evaluating cyclists’ route preferences with respect to infrastructure. Sustainability. 2020;12(8): 3375. DOI: 10.3390/su12083375
Ma J, Zhao Y. Study on the adaptability of the level of urban transportation infrastructure and economic development. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2013;361-363: 1950-1953. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.361-363.1950
Sun Y, Cui Y. Evaluating the coordinated development of economic, social and environmental benefits of urban public transportation infrastructure: Case study of four Chinese autonomous municipalities. Transport Policy. 2018;66: 116-126. DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.02.006
Aljoufie M, et al. Urban growth and transport infrastructure interaction in Jeddah between 1980 and 2007. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation & Geoinformation. 2013;21: 493-505. DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2012.07.006
Tilahun NY, Levinson DM, Krizek KJ. Trails, lanes, or traffic: Valuing bicycle facilities with an adaptive stated preference survey. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2007;41: 287-301. DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2006.09.007
Garrard J, Rose G, Lo SK. Promoting transportation cycling for women: The role of bicycle infrastructure. Preventive Medicine, 2008;46: 55-59. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.07.010
Nan TW, Mao BH, Chen ZJ, Xu Q. Urban mixed non-motor vehicle flow character simulation based on cellular automata. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development. 2014;31(1): 104-109. Chinese.
Cherry C, Cervero R. Use characteristics and mode choice behavior of electric bike users in China. Transport Policy. 2007;14(3): 247-257. DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2007.02.005
Chong S, et al. Relative injury severity among vulnerable non-motorised road users: Comparative analysis of injury arising from bicycle-motor vehicle and bicycle-pedestrian collision. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 2010;42: 290-296. DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.08.006
Hatfield J, Prabhakharan P. An investigation of behaviour and attitudes relevant to the user safety of pedestrian/cyclist shares paths. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology & Behaviour. 2016;40: 35-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2016.04.005
Wood JM, Lacherez PF, Marszalek RP, King MJ. Drivers’ and cyclists’ experience of sharing the road: Incidents, attitude and perception of visibility. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 2009;41: 772-776. DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.03.014
Hatfield J, et al. Factors associated with cyclists’ self-reported choice of lane position. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology & Behaviour. 2018;55: 403-414. DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2018.03.016
National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. Analysis of accidents of cycles and scooters in China in 2017. Available from: http://data.stats.gov.cn/ [Accessed 15th Oct. 2019].
Li L, Yang JK, Otte D. Study on vehicle-electric bicycle impact accidents in Changsha District. The 9th INFATS Proceedings of the International Forum of Automotive Traffic Safety, Changsha, China. 2011; p. 219-222.
Landis B, Vattikuti V, Brannick M. Real-time human perceptions: Toward a bicycle level of service. Transportation Research Record. 1997;1578: 119-126. DOI: 10.3141/1578-15
Bai L, Chan CY, Liu P, Xu C. Identifying factors affecting the safety of mid-block bicycle lanes considering mixed two-wheeled traffic flow. Traffic Injury Prevention. 2017;18(7): 761-766. DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1303681
Jensen S. Pedestrian and bicyclist level of service on roadway segments. Transportation Research Record. 2007;2031: 43-51. DOI: 10.3141/2031-06
Harkey D, Reinfurt D, Knuiman M, Stewart JR. The bicycle compatibility index: A level of service concept. Report No. FHWA-RD-98-095, FHWA, McLean, 1998.
Lehtonen E, et al. Evaluating bicyclists’ risk perception using video clips: Comparison of frequent and infrequent city cyclists. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology & Behaviour. 2016;41: 195-203. DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2015.04.006
Lamb JS, et al. Should we pass on minimum passing distance laws for cyclists? Comparing a tactical enforcement option and minimum passing distance laws using signal detection theory. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2020;70: 275-289. DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2020.03.011
Liu Q, Homma R, Iki K. Evaluating cyclists' perception of satisfaction using 360° videos. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2020;132: 205-213. DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2019.11.008
Hangzhou Bureau of Statistics. Hangzhou statistical yellow book. Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China: Hangzhou Bureau of Statistics; 2019. p. 25-41.
Westerhuis F, Jelijs LH, Fuermaier ABM, Waard DD. Using optical illusions in the shoulder of a cycle path to affect lateral position. Transportation Research Part F: Psychology & Behaviour. 2017;48: 38-51. DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2017.04.014
Zhang C, Liu Y, Lu W, Xiao G. Evaluating passenger satisfaction index based on PLS-SEM model: Evidence from Chinese public transport service. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2019;120: 149-164. DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2018.12.013
Zhang C, Juan Z, Lu W, Xiao G. Do the organizational forms affect passenger satisfaction? Evidence from Chinese public transport service. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2016;94: 129-148. DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2016.09.007
Mccormick JL, Porter TK. Effect of fishing success on angler satisfaction on a central Oregon rainbow trout fishery: Implications for establishing management objectives. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 2014;34(5): 938-944. DOI: 10.1080/02755947.2014.932869
Prabhu KL, et al. Is quality important to our patients? the relationship between surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction. BMJ Quality & Safety. 2018;27(1): 48-52. DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2017-007071
Luce RD. On the possible psychophysical laws. Psychological Review. 1959;66(2): 80-81. DOI: 10.1037/h0043178
Miller J. Reaction time analysis with outlier exclusion: Bias varies with sample size. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology a Human Experimental Psychology. 1991;43(4): 907-912. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1991.tb01017.x
Kang K, Lee K. Development of a bicycle level of service model from the user's perspective. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 2012;16(6): 1032-1039. DOI: 10.1007/s12205-012-1146-z
Huang YH, Roetting M, Wei Z. Factors determining driving behavior in China and the USA. 2nd China International Forum on Work Safety; 2004. p. 374-379.
Ibrahim MKA, et al. Evaluating the effect of lane width and roadside configurations on speed, lateral position and likelihood of comfortable overtaking in exclusive motorcycle lane. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2018;111: 63-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.10.023
Wong KI, Lee TC, Chen YY. Traffic characteristics of mixed traffic flows in urban Arterials. Asian Transport Studies. 2016;4(2): 379-391. DOI: 10.11175/eastsats.4.379
Kiyota M, Sumi T, Oheda Y, Tanaka T. Cyclist’s behavior model of keeping away from the passing automobile in a local street. Proceeding of Japan Society of Civil Engineers. 1995;524: 131-134. Japanese. DOI: 10.2208/jscej.1995.524_131
Fu Q. Study on traffic safety and management of electric motorbikes in urban. Ph.D. Thesis. Southwest JiaoTong University, China; 2016. p. 35-47. Chinese.
He ZC, et al. Modelling car-following behaviour with lateral separation and overtaking expectation. Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics. 2015;4(3): 223-239. DOI: 10.1080/21680566.2015.1083911
Liu SB. Reflections on the development of urban electric bicycles. Traffic & Transportation. 2012;1: 129-132. Chinese.
Lü XH, Lei GJ. Causes and safety of scooter traffic accidents in Nanning. Journal of Guangxi Police Academy. 2010;5: 5-7. Chinese.
Bitelli G, Simone A, Girardi F, Lantieri C. Laser scanning on road pavements: A new approach for characterizing surface texture. Sensors. 2012;12(7): 9110-9128. DOI: 10.3390/s120709110
Lu W, Zhang C, Ni X. Research on the rationale of width of disabled parking spaces and correlation of selection by wheelchair users and others. Journal of Transport and Health. 2019;12: 130-141. DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2019.01.006
Lu W, Zhang C, Ni X, Liu H. Do the elderly need wider parking spaces? Evidence from experimental and questionnaire surveys. Sustainability. 2020:12(9): 3800. DOI: 10.3390/su12093800
Mrvelj Š, Matulin M, Martirosov S. Subjective evaluation of user quality of experience for omnidirectional video streaming. Promet – Traffic&Transportation. 2020;32(3): 409-421. DOI: 10.7307/ptt.v32i3.3444
Copyright (c) 2021 Weite Lu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
