Evaluating the Learning Performance of Emergency Procedures for Operators in Metro Based on a Cognition Model

  • Bobo Zhao National Engineering Research Center of Rail Transportation Operation and Control System, Beijing Jiaotong University
  • Tao Tang Beijing Jiaotong University
Keywords: cognitive modelling, emergency procedures, human performance modelling, rail transit system, levels of automation, trust in automation

Abstract

With the rapid development of the automated metro, valid emergency procedures play a significant role for operators in metro emergency response and recovery. Also, the operators have a challenge to learn different emergency procedures under different automation grades of the metro. Hence, the paper aims to evaluate the learning performance of emergency procedures with regard to the operator. Based on the ACT-R cognitive theory, two decision patterns of the operators are proposed to predict the operator’s learning process for emergency procedures, and a cognition model including 16 production rules and 32 chunks to realize the perceptual encoding and the corresponding determining parts is built. After that, an experiment is further implemented to validate the model results.

References

Bainbridge L. Ironies of automation. Analysis, design and evaluation of man–machine systems. 1982;15(6): 129-135.Available from: doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-029348-6.50026-9

Steinkohl J, Perreal Y. SECUR-ED: Providing a set of tools to improve urban transport security. Eurotransport. 2012;10: 74-76. Available from: https://www.intelligenttransport.com/wp-content/uploads/Security-Supplement-2012.pdf [Accessed 5th September 2018].

Bruyelle JL, O’Neill C, El-Koursi EM, Hamelin F, Sartori N, Khoudour L. Improving the resilience of metro vehicle and passengers for an effective emergency response to terrorist attacks. Safety science. 2014;62: 37-45. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2013.07.022

Feyer AM, Williamson AM, Cairns DR. The involvement of human behavior in occupational accidents: Errors in context. Safety Science. 1997;25(1): 55-65. Available from: doi:10.1016/S0925-7535(97)00008-8

Rouse SH, Rouse WB, Hammer JM. Design and evaluation of an onboard computer-based information system for aircraft. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. 1982;12(4): 451-463. Available from: doi:10.1109/TSMC.1982.4308849

Hollnagel E. Human reliability assessment in context. Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 2015; 37(2): 159-166. Available from: http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO200502637315489.page [Accessed 5th September 2018].

Roth EM, Mumaw RJ, Lewis PM. An empirical investigation of operator performance in cognitively demanding simulated emergencies. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Div. of Systems Research, Westinghouse Electric Corp, Science and Technology Center. Report number: NUREG/CR-6208, 1994.

Embrey D, Kontogiannis T, Green M. Guidelines for preventing human error in process safety. New York: Center for Chemical Process Safety; 1994.

Kernan MC, Bruning NS, Miller-Guhde L. Individual and group performance: Effects of task complexity and information. Human Performance. 1994;7(4): 273-289. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.chb.2008.12.008

Brune RL, Weinstein M. Development of a checklist for evaluating maintenance, test and calibration procedures used in Nuclear Power Plants. Sandia National Labs, Human Performance Technologies, Inc. Report number: NUREG/CR-1368; SAND-80-7053, 1980.

Brune RL, Weinstein M. Development of a checklist for evaluating emergency procedures used in nuclear power plants. Human Performance Technologies, Inc. Report number: NUREG/CR-1970; SAND-81-7070, 1981.

Brune RL, Weinstein M. Checklist for evaluating emergency operating procedures used in nuclear power plants. Human Performance Technologies, Inc. Report number: NUREG/CR—2005; SAND-81-7074, 1983.

Garner JD, Blethrow JG. Evacuation tests from an SST mock-up. Civil Aerospace Medical Institute. Report number: AM 70-19, 1970.

Park J, Jung W. A study on the validity of a task complexity measure for emergency operating procedures of nuclear power plants—Comparing task complexity scores with two sets of operator response time data obtained under a simulated SGTR. Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 2008;93(4): 557-566. Available from: doi: 10.1016/j.ress.2007.02.002

Park J, Jung W, Jung K. The effect of two complexity factors on the performance of emergency tasks — An experimental verification. Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 2008;93(2): 350-362. Available from: doi:10.1016/j.ress.2006.09.027

Dien Y. Safety and application of procedures, or `how do `they' have to use operating procedures in nuclear power plants?'. Safety Science. 1998;29(3): 179-187. Available from: doi:10.1016/S0925-7535(98)00021-6

Salvucci DD. Modeling driver behavior in a cognitive architecture. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. 2006;48(2): 362-380. Available from: doi:10.1518/001872006777724417

Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Guidelines for the preparation of emergency operating procedures. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Report number: NUREG-0899, 1982.

Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Loss of main and auxiliary feedwater event at the Davis-Besse plant on June 9, 1985. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Report number: NUREG-1154, 1985.

Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Transformer failure and common-mode loss of instrument power at Nine Mile Point Unit 2 on August 13, 1991. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Report number: NUREG-1455, 1991.

Byrne MD, Kirlik A. Using computational cognitive modeling to diagnose possible sources of aviation error. International Journal of Aviation Psychology. 2005;15: 135-155. Available from: doi:10.1207/s15327108ijap1502_2

Anderson JR. The architecture of cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1983.

Anderson JR, Matessa M, Lebiere C. ACT-R: A theory of higher level cognition and its relation to visual attention. Human-Computer Interaction. 1997;12(4): 439-462. Available from: doi:10.1207/s15327051hci1204_5

International Electrotechnical Commission. IEC 62290-2:2011. Railway applications – Urban guided transport management and command/control systems, Part 2: Functional requirements specification. Geneva: IEC; 2011.

Anderson JR, Bothell D, Byrne MD, Douglass S, Lebiere C, Qin Y. An integrated theory of the mind. Psychological Review. 2004;111(4): 1036-1060. Available from: doi:10.1037/0033-295x.111.4.1036

Anderson JR, Reder LM. The fan effect: New results and new theories. Journal of Experimental Psychology General. 1999;128: 186-197. Available from: doi:10.1037//0096-3445.128.2.186

Kim JW. Procedural skills: From learning to forgetting. PhD thesis. The Pennsylvania State University; 2008.

Published
2020-05-12
How to Cite
1.
Zhao B, Tang T. Evaluating the Learning Performance of Emergency Procedures for Operators in Metro Based on a Cognition Model. Promet [Internet]. 2020May12 [cited 2024Dec.3];32(3):335-4. Available from: https://traffic.fpz.hr/index.php/PROMTT/article/view/3241
Section
Articles