Understanding Users’ Experiences of Riding a Two-Wheeler Vehicle and their Intentions of Purchasing Electric Two-Wheelers
Abstract
More than 13.7 million people in Taiwan are scooter users, which signifies the highest density of scooter users in the world. The aim of the present study is to use the user experience (UX) evaluation methods to investigate the factors that influence the users’ satisfaction, recommendation intention, and willingness to accommodate Electric two-wheelers (E2Ws). An online survey design has been used to recruit two-wheeler owners who live in Taiwan. The results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, based on a sample of 315 Taiwanese, indicate that the variables of satisfaction, positive emotions, and riding experience predicted whether users intended to recommend a two-wheeler. The results also reveal that external motivation is the core factor that influences a rider’s willingness to purchase an E2W. It highlights the importance of providing opportunities for people to experience the advantages of E2Ws and services. Having good hedonic and pragmatic experiences accumulated during two-wheeler usage may further positively influence the users’ satisfaction and intrinsic motivation. It is recommended that the government and the related industries consider the above issues when formulating related policies or developing E2W or battery technologies.
References
MOTC (Ministry of Transportation and Communications). An Survey of the Daily Use of Vehicles; 2016. Available from: ///C:/Users/user/Downloads/105%E5%B9%B4%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90.pdf [cited 8 Jan 18].
OECD, European Conference of Ministers of Transport. Road Safety: Speed Moderation. Paris, France: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Publications Service; 1996.
Nilsson G. Traffic safety dimensions and the power model to describe the effect of speed on safety. PhD Thesis. Lund Institute of Technology; 2004.
National Research Council. Highway Safety Manual. Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials; 2010.
Half-Cooked Research Reports. Electric two-wheeler Market Research Report – Forecast 2023. ID: MRFR/AM/4010-HCRR, 2018.
Fishman E, Schepers P. Global bike share: what the data tells us about road safety. Journal of Safety Research. 2016;56: 41-45.
Jones T, Harms L, Heinen E. Motives, perceptions and experiences of electric bicycle owners and implications for health, wellbeing and mobility. Journal of Transport Geography. 2016;53: 41-49.
ISO IDS 9241-210. Ergonomics of human system interaction – Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems (formerly known as 13407). Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization (ISO); 2010.
Roto V, Law E, Vermeeren A, Hoonhout J (eds.). User experience white paper: Bringing clarity to the concept of user experience; 2011. Available from: http://www.allaboutux.org/uxwhitepaper [cited 12 Dec 17].
Hassenzahl M, Burmester M, Koller F. AttrakDiff: Ein Fragebogen zur Messung wahrgenommener hedonischer und pragmatischer Qualität. In: Ziegler J, Szwillus G. (eds.) Mensch & Computer 2003, Interaktion in Bewegung. Sttutgart, Leipzig: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag; 2003: p. 187-196.
Laugwitz B, Held T, Schrepp M. Construction and evaluation of a user experience questionnaire. In: Holzinger A. (ed.) HCI and Usability for Education and Work. USAB 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5298. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 63-76.
Betsch T, Plessner H, Schwieren C, Gütig R. I like it but I don’t know why: A value-account approach to implicit attitude formation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2001;27(2): 242-253.
Karapanos E, Martens JB, Hassenzahl M. Reconstructing experiences with iScale. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 2012;70(11): 849-865.
Kujala S, Roto V, Väänänen-Vainio-Mattila K, Karapanos E, Sinnelä A. UX Curve: A method for evaluating long-term user experience. Interacting with Computers. 2011;23(5): 473-483.
Koriat A, Goldsmith M, Pansky A. Toward a psychology of memory accuracy. Annual Review of Psychology. 2000;51(1): 481-537.
Neisser U. John Dean's memory: A case study. Cognition. 1981;9(1): 1-22.
Hassenzahl M. The interplay of beauty, goodness, and usability in interactive products. Human-Computer Interaction. 2004;19(4): 319-349.
Bevan N. Classifying and selecting UX and usability measures. In: International Workshop on Meaningful Measures: Valid Useful User Experience Measurement; 2008. p. 13-18.
Shackel B. Usability-context, framework, definition, design and evaluation. In: Shackel B, Richardson SJ. (Eds.) Human Factors for Informatics Usability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1991. p. 21-37.
ISO 9241-11. Ergonomic requirements for Office Work with Visual Display Terminals (VDTs), Part 11: Guidelines for Specifying and Measuring Usability. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization; 1997.
Brooke J. SUS-A quick and dirty usability scale. Usability Evaluation in Industry. 1996;189(194): 4-7.
Hassenzahl M. User experience (UX): towards an experiential perspective on product quality. In: Proceedings of the 20th Conference on l'Interaction Homme-Machine. ACM; 2008. p. 11-15.
Marsella S, Gratch J, Petta P. Computational models of emotion. A Blueprint for Affective Computing –
A Sourcebook and Manual. 2010;11(1): 21-46.
Ortony A, Clore GL, Collins A. The Cognitive Structure of Emotions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 1988.
Lazarus RS, Lazarus RS. Emotion and adaptation. Oxford University Press on Demand; 1991.
Pham MT. Representativeness, relevance, and the use of feelings in decision making. Journal of Consumer Research. 1998;25(2): 144-159.
Bitner MJ. Servicescapes: The impact of physical surroundings on customers and employees. Journal of Marketing. 1992;56(2): 57-71.
Westbrook RA, Oliver RL. The dimensionality of consumption emotion patterns and consumer satisfaction. Journal of Consumer Research. 1991;18(1): 84-91.
Mugge R, Schoormans JPL, Schifferstein HNJ. Design strategies to postpone consumers’ product replacement. The value of a strong person-product relationship. The Design Journal. 2005;8(2): 38-48.
Desmet PM. Faces of product pleasure: 25 positive emotions in human-product interactions. International Journal of Design. 2012;6(2): 1-29.
Forgas JP, Bower GH, Krantz SE. The influence of mood on perceptions of social interactions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 1984;20: 497-513.
Johnson EJ, Tversky A. Affect, generalization, and the perception of risk. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1983;45: 20-31.
Schaller M, Cialdini RB. Happiness, sadness, and helping: A motivational integration. In: Higgins ET, Sorrentino RM. (Eds.) Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior. Vol. 2. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 1990. p. 265-296.
Ajzen I. The theory of planned behaviour: reactions and reflections. 2011.
Ellsworth PC. Some implications of cognitive appraisal theories of emotion. In: Strongman KT. (Ed.) International Review of Studies on Emotion. New York: Wiley; 1991. p. 143-162.
Frijda NH. The emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1986.
Li JQ. Transit bus scheduling with limited energy. Transportation Science. 2013;48(4): 521-539.
Liu J. Electric vehicle charging infrastructure assignment and power grid impacts assessment in Beijing. Energy Policy. 2012;51: 544-557.
Worley O, Klabjan D. Optimization of battery charging and purchasing at electric vehicle battery swap stations. In: 2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 6-9 Sep 2011, Chicago, IL, USA. IEEE; 2011. p. 1-4.
Lombardi P, Heuer M, Styczynski Z. Battery switch station as storage system in an autonomous power system: Optimization issue. In: IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 25-29 July 2010, Providence, RI, USA. IEEE; 2010. p. 1-6.
Copyright (c) 2019 Fei-Hui Huang
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).