An Emissions-Based User Equilibrium Model and Algorithm for Left-turn Prohibition Planning
Abstract
The left-turn of vehicles at intersections has significant impacts on urban traffic congestions and accidents, which have negative effect on vehicle emissions causing air pollution. Many urban traffic networks prohibit direct left-turns for transport planning to keep traffic moving efficiently on major roads. As such, this paper proposes a bi-level mathematical model for left-turn prohibition planning considering both travel times and traffic emissions. The lower-level and upper-level are respectively solved by using the Frank-Wolfe algorithm and an improved genetic algorithm. By numerical examples, this paper shows that the improved algorithm can effectively enhance the speed and accuracy of the calculation, and the traffic congestions and emissions can be alleviated by implementing the left-turn prohibition at some carefully selected intersections.
References
Bukljaš Z, Čuljak I, Zovak G. Using traffic conflict method in evaluating traffic safety at the reconstructed intersection. PROMET-Traffic & Transportation. 2002;14(3):135-139.
Zhu ZG, Li TZ, Li WQ. Optimal total vehicle pollutants emissions quantity based on link traffic capacity constraints. Journal of Transportation System Engineering and Information Technology. 2008;8(2):80-84.
Pearson RL, Wachtel H, Ebi KL. Distance-weighted traffic density in proximity to a home is a risk factor for leukemia and other childhood cancers. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. 2000;50(2):175-180.
Jing N, Jan B, Matthew RB, et al. Exposure to traffic emissions throughout life and risk of breast cancer: the Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer (WEB) study. Cancer Causes & Control. 2007;18(9):947-955.
Sugawara S, Niemeier DA. How much can vehicle emissions be reduced? Exploratory analysis of an upper boundary using an emissions-optimized trip assignment. Transportation Research Record. 2002;1815:29-37.
Ericsson E, Larsson H, Brundell-Freij K. Optimizing route choice for lowest fuel consumption potential effects of a new driver support tool. Transportation Research Part C. 2006;14(6):369-383.
Hallmark S, Hallmark L, Fomunung I, et al. Assessing impacts of improved signal timing as a transportation control measure using an activity-specific modeling approach. Transportation Research Record. 2000;1738:49-55.
Jaeyoung K, Byungkyu P, Jaesup L. Evaluating the impacts of urban corridor traffic signal optimization on vehicle emissions and fuel consumption. Transportation Planning and Technology. 2011;35(2):145-160.
Bert DC, Arnaud C, Bart D, et al. Effects of traffic signal coordination on noise and air pollutant emissions. Environmental Modelling and Software. 2012;35(2):74-83.
Wang X, Abdel-Aty M. Modeling left-turn crash occurrence at signalized intersections by conflicting patterns. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2008;40(1):76-88.
Bared JG, Kaisar EI. Median U-turn design as an alternative treatment for left turns at signalized intersections. ITE Journal. 2002;72(2):50-54.
Herbert SL, Ingrid BP, Douglas WH, et al. Safety of U-turns at unsignalized median openings-Some research findings. Transportation Research Board Meeting. Washington: National Research Council; 2005.
Ingrid BP, Herbert SL, Douglas WH, et al. Safety of U-turns at unsignalized median openings on urban and suburban arterials. Transportation Research Board Meeting. Washington: National Research Council; 2006.
Gstalter H, Fastenmeier W. Reliability of drivers in urban intersections. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 2010;42(1):225-234.
Tao R, Wei H. Impact of indirect left-Turning measures from driveways on driving behaviors and safety. Journal of Transportation System Engineering and Information Technology. 2009;9(3):55-63.
BPR, Bureau of Public Roads Traffic Assignment Manual: U.S. Department of Commerce. Washington DC; 1964.
Alexopoulos A, Assimacopoulos D. Model for traffic emissions estimation. Atmospheric Environment. 1993;27B(4):435-466.
Yin Y, Lawphongpanich S. Internalizing emission externality on road networks. Transportation Research Part D. 2006;11(4):292-301.
Jian JL. Safety and operational evaluation of right turns followed by U-turns as an alternative to direct left turns. Transportation Research Board Meeting. Washington: National Research Council; 2005.
Zhen YL, Lee DH. Left-turn control delay distribution mode. Proceedings of the 84th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board. Washington: Transportation Research Board. 2005; p. 234-242.
Mao Y. Analysis of opposing left-turn conflicts based on traffic conflict technology. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology. 2012;21(4):487-491.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
