Experimental Study for Optimizing Pedestrian Flows at Bottlenecks of Subway Stations

  • Wei Luo Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology
  • Lishan Sun Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology
  • Liya Yao School of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology
  • Qingsheng Gong Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology
  • Jian Rong Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology
Keywords: subway station, bottleneck, optimization measure, pedestrian characteristic, pedestrian experiment

Abstract

In subway stations, bottlenecks are the narrowed areas that reduce pedestrian flows in channels. Because pedestrians at bottlenecks are forced to dense together, bottlenecks decrease flow efficiency and pedestrians’ transfer comfort and may trigger serious crowd disasters such as trampling. This study used pedestrian experiments to investigate the methods of optimizing pedestrian traffic at bottlenecks of subway stations. Three optimization measures were proposed and evaluated by analyzing the characteristics of pedestrian flows, including efficiency, smoothness, and security. In this paper, setting the rear sides of the bottleneck entrance as straight and surface funnel shapes is called straight funnel shape and surface funnel shape, respectively. Setting a column at a bottleneck is called the column obstacle. The results showed that when efficiency or security come first, a column on the left is recommended; when comfort comes first, a concave funnel is recommended; when comprehensiveness is prioritized, a column on the left is recommended. Moreover, the larger the volume, the optimization is more obvious. Although many  bottlenecks cannot be prevented when subway stations are constructed, the proposed optimization measures may help ease their adverse effects by improving facility efficiency, smoothness, and security, and by providing recommendations for designing and managing subway stations.

Author Biographiesaaa replica rolex repwatches replica rolex watches for men replica iwc watch

Wei Luo, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology
Wei Luo is a Ph. D student of Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering at Beijing University of Technology.Gong mainly engaged in the research of pedestrian behavior mechanism and subway hub layout design.
Lishan Sun, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology
Lishan Sun is a Professor of Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering at Beijing University of Technology. His research interests cover pedestrian behavior mechanism and subway hub layout design.
Liya Yao, School of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology
Liya Yao is an Associate Professor of School of Mechanical and Vehicular Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology.Gong mainly engaged in the research of pedestrian behavior mechanism and subway hub layout design.
Qingsheng Gong, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology
Qingsheng Gong is a graduate student of Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering at Beijing University of Technology, and mainly engaged in the research of pedestrian behavior mechanism and subway hub layout design.
Jian Rong, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology
Jian Rong is a Professor of Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering at Beijing University of Technology.

References

Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport. Rail Transit Networks Operating Information Daily, 2015.

Helbing D, Molnar P. Self-Organization Phenomena in Pedestrian Crowds. Understanding Complex Systems, 1998:569--577.

Bolay K. Nichtlineare Phänomene in einem fluid-dynamischen Verkehrsmodell. Unpublished diploma thesis, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany, 1998.

Helbing D, Farkas I, Vicsek T. Simulating dynamical features of escape panic. Nature, 2000, 407(6803): 487-490.

Helbing D, Molnár P, Farkas I J, et al. Self-organizing pedestrian movement. Environment & Planning B Planning & Design, 2001, 28(3):361-383.

Daamen W, Hoogendoorn S. Controlled experiments to derive walking behaviour. European Journal of Transport & Infrastructure Research, 2003, 3(1).

Hoogendoorn S P, Daamen W. Pedestrian behavior at bottlenecks. Transportation Science, 2005, 39(2):147-159.

Kretz T, Grünebohm A, Schreckenberg M. Experimental study of pedestrian flow through a bottleneck. 2006, 2006(5):P10014.

Kretz T, Hengst S, Vortisch P. Pedestrian flow at bottlenecks - validation and calibration of vissim's social force model of pedestrian traffic and its empirical foundations. International Symposium of Transport Simulation. 2008.

Seyfried A, Passon O, Steffen B, et al. New insights into pedestrian flow through bottlenecks. Transportation Science, 2007, 43(3):395-406.

Guo R Y. Simulation of spatial and temporal separation of pedestrian counter flow through a bottleneck. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2014, 415: 428-439..

Li D, Han B. Behavioral effect on pedestrian evacuation simulation using cellular automata. Safety Science, 2015, 80:41-55.

Hoogendoorn S P, Daamen W, Bovy P H L. Extracting microscopic pedestrian characteristics from video data. Paper presented at: Transportation Research Board annual meeting 2003; 2003 Jan 15-18, Washington, America.

Gérinlajoie M, Richards C L, Mcfadyen B J. The negotiation of stationary and moving obstructions during walking: anticipatory locomotor adaptations and preservation of personal space. Motor Control, 2005, 9(3):242-69.

Fujiyama T. Investigating use of space of pedestrians (working paper). Centre for Transport Studies, ucl: london, uk. 2005.

Curtis S, Manocha D. Pedestrian simulation using geometric reasoning in velocity space. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2012. Springer International Publishing; 2014.

Cao X, Handy S L, Mokhtarian P L. The influences of the built environment and residential self-selection on pedestrian behavior: evidence from Austin, TX. Transportation, 2006, 33(1): 1-20.

Townsend C, Zacharias J. Built environment and pedestrian behavior at rail rapid transit stations in Bangkok. Transportation, 2010, 37(2): 317-330.

Reynolds C W. Steering behaviors for autonomous characters. Game developers conference. 1999, 1999: 763-782.

Daamen W. Modelling passenger flows in public transport facilities. Deflt: DUP Science, 2004.

Wei-Guo S, Yan-Fei Y, Bing-Hong W, et al. Evacuation behaviors at exit in CA model with force essentials: A comparison with social force model. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2006, 371(2): 658-666.

Daamen W, Hoogendoorn S P. Experimental research of pedestrian walking behavior. Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2003, 1828:20-30.

Seyfried A, Steffen B, Winkens A, et al. Empirical data for pedestrian flow through bottlenecks. Traffic and Granular Flow’07. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2009.

Fernández R, Valencia A, Seriani S. On passenger saturation flow in public transport doors. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2015, 78: 102-112.

Sun, L., Yang, Z., Rong, J., Liu, X. (2014). Study on the weaving behavior of high density bidirectional pedestrian flow. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2014

Yang H, Yuen R K K, Cheng X, et al. Effect of right-hand traffic rules on evacuation through multiple parallel bottlenecks. Fire Technology, 2014, 50(2): 297-316.

Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP). Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual, 2003, 7(3), 23-67.

Li Dewei, Han Baoming. Pedeatrain traffic. Bejing: China Communication Press, 2011.

Published
2018-10-31
How to Cite
1.
Luo W, Sun L, Yao L, Gong Q, Rong J. Experimental Study for Optimizing Pedestrian Flows at Bottlenecks of Subway Stations. Promet [Internet]. 2018Oct.31 [cited 2024Nov.9];30(5):525-38. Available from: http://traffic.fpz.hr/index.php/PROMTT/article/view/2715
Section
Articles