Investigating Car Users’ Driving Behaviour through Speed Analysis
Abstract
Speed has been identified for a long time as a key risk factor in road traffic: inappropriate speeds contribute to a relevant part of traffic accidents. Many literature studies have focused on the relationship between speed and accident risk. Starting from this consideration this paper investigates traffic accident risk by analysing the travelling speeds recorded by real tests on the road. A survey was conducted to collect experimental speed values in a real context. A specific road segment, belonging to an Italian rural two-lane road, was repeatedly run by 27 drivers in order to collect the instantaneous speed values for each trajectory. Smartphone-equipped vehicles were used to record continuous speed data. The recorded data were used to calculate: the average speed, 50th and 85th percentile speed for each geometric element of the analysed road segment. The main result of the research is the classification of car users’ driving behaviour based on the speed values. By using the above mentioned ranges of speed, the classification provides three types of driving behaviour: safe, unsafe, and safe but potentially dangerous. It was found that only four drivers feature “safe” behaviour, driving in a safe manner on most of the road elements. However, the major part of drivers, even if they feature safe behaviour, could be dangerous for other drivers because they drive at very low speeds.References
World Health Organization (WHO). Global Status Report on Road Safety; 2015.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Highway Safety Manual, first edition; 2009.
Cabral JP, Mendonça RMLO, Cabral JA. Synesthetic Metering for Speed – Evaluation applied to young drivers’ speeding. Procedia Manufacturing. 2015;3:6198-6205.
Chevalier A, Coxon K, Rogers K, Chevalier AJ, Wall J, Brown J, Clarke E, Ivers R, Keay L. A longitudinal investigation of the predictors of older drivers' speeding behaviour. Accid. Anal. Prev. 2016;93:41-47.
Reason J, Manstead A, Stradling S, Baxter J, Campbell K. Errors and violations: a real distinction? Ergonomics. 1990;33:1315-1332.
Winter JCF, Dodou D. The Driver Behaviour Questionnaire as a predictor of accidents: A meta-analysis. Journal of Safety Research. 2010;41:463-470.
Eboli L, Mazzulla G, Pungillo G. Combining speed and acceleration to define car users’ safe or unsafe driving behaviour. Transportation Research Part C. 2016;68:113-125.
Chen SW, Fang CY, Ting Tien C. Driving behaviour modelling system based on graph construction. Transp. Res. Part C. 2013;26:314-330.
Bonsall P, Liu R, Young W. Modelling Safety-related Driving Behaviour – Impact of Parameter Values. Transp. Res. Part A. 2005;39(5):425-444.
McTish P, Park S. Exploring aggressive driving behaviour in Pennsylvania’s Delaware, Valley region. Procedia Engineering. 2016;145:836-843.
Wang CA, Fu RA, Peng JSB, Mao JA. Driving style classification method for lane change warning system. J. of Transp. Sys. Eng. and Inf. Tech. 2014;14(3):187-193.
Miller G, Taubman-Ben-Ari O. Driving styles among young novice drivers – The contribution of parental driving styles and personal characteristics. Accid. Anal. Prev. 2010;42(2):558-570.
Taubman-Ben-Ari O, Mikulincer M, Gillath O. The multidimensional driving style inventory. Scale construct and validation. Accid. Anal. Prev. 2004;36:323-332.
Van Mierlo J, Maggetto G, Burgwal E, Gense E. Driving Style and Traffic Measures – Influence on Vehicle Emissions and Fuel Consumption. J. Automobile Engineering. 2004;218(1):43-50.
Institut National de Recherchesur les Transports et leurSécurité (INRETS). European drivers and road risk, SARTRE 3 reports. Part 1: report on principal results; 2004.
ESRA (European Survey of Road users’ safety Attitudes). Speeding. ESRA thematic Report n.1. 2016. Athens, Greece: National Technical University of Athens.
Institute of Transport Economics (TOI). Speed and road accidents. An evaluation of the Power Model, Report No 740; 2004.
Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB). Travelling speed and the rate of crash involvement on rural roads, Road Accident Research Unit, Report No. CR 204; 2001.
Aarts L, van Schagen I. Driving speed and the risk of road crashes: A review. Accid. Anal. Prev. 2006;38:215-224.
Solomon D. Accidents on main rural highways related to speed, driver and vehicle. Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce & Bureau of Public Roads; 1964.
Cirillo JA. Interstate system crash research; study II, interim report II. Public Roads. 1968;35(3):71-76.
Research Triangle Institute (RTI), Speed and accidents: Volume I, Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation; 1970.
Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB). Travelling speed and the rate of crash involvement, Road Accident Research Unit, Report No. CR 172; 1997.
Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB). Reanalysis of Travelling Speed and the Risk of Crash Involvementin Adelaide South Australia, Road Accident Research Unit, Report No. CR 207; 2002.
Miyajima C, Nishiwaki Y, Ozawa K, Wakita T, Itou K, Takeda K, Itakura F. Driver Modeling Based on Driving Behaviour and its Evaluation in Driver Identification. Proceedings of the IEEE. 2007;95(2):427-437.
Constantinescu Z, Marinoiu C, Vladoiu M. Driving Style Analysis Using Data Mining Techniques. Int. J. of Computers, Communications & Control. 2010;5:654-663.
Hong JH, Margines B, Dey AK. A smartphone-based sensing platform to model aggressive driving behaviours. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Comput. Syst. Sci. 2014;4047-4056.
Italian Bureau of Statistics (ACI-Istat). Incidenti stradali in Italia; 2009. Italian
Italian National Research Council (CNR). Norme funzionali e geometriche per la costruzione delle strade. D.M. 5.11.2001 G.U. 4.1; 2002. Italian
Pungillo G. La progettazione e l’adeguamento delle infrastrutture stradali in base alla classificazione di tratti stradali a differente livello di rischio. Dissertation, University of Calabria, Italy; 2013. Italian
Pungillo R. Lo stile di guida dei conducenti delle autovetture: analisi sperimentale della relazione con le velocità di percorrenza. Thesis for the Degree in Civil Engineering, University of Calabria, Italy; 2014. Italian
Camacho-Torregrosa FJ, Pérez-Zuriaga AM, Campoy-Ungría JM, García-García A. New geometric design consistency model based on operating speed profiles for road safety evaluation. Accid. Anal. Prev.
;61:33-42.
Majid A, Mehrzad MY. Geometric design consistency model based on speed and safety in rural highways in some European countries: a review. Int. J. of Structural and Civil Engineering Research. 2013;2(2):129-136.
Frith WJ, Patterson TL. Speed variation, absolute speed and their contribution to safety, with special reference to the work of Solomon. Proceedings of the Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand Annual conference 2001. Auckland, New Zealand. 12th September 2001.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
